Right.
And good on you Mr academic... let's look at Mexico. At least it's no rando with a confederate flag!
Mexico’s democratic and civil liberties framework is undermined by systemic issues, including violence, corruption, impunity, and institutional erosion. Below are the key shortcomings:
Rule of Law Deficits and Judicial Independence:Mexico suffers from severe rule-of-law deficits, with the World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index noting a decline in scores from 2018 to 2023, particularly in corruption, security, and criminal justice.Former President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) pushed constitutional reforms to replace nearly 7,000 judges with popularly elected ones, undermining judicial independence. These reforms, passed in September 2024, violate international obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which require independent and impartial tribunals. Critics argue this is a move to consolidate executive power, threatening democratic checks and balances.AMLO’s clashes with the Supreme Court, including personal attacks on justices for ruling against his reforms (e.g., National Guard militarization and INE changes), further weaken judicial autonomy. Lower court judges face risks when handling organized crime cases, with some arrested or pressured to align with government interests.Violence and Impunity:Violence by organized criminal groups, often colluding with corrupt officials, severely restricts civil liberties. From 2018 to March 2024, 1,709 attacks, murders, and threats against politicians and government officials were recorded, making Mexico one of the most dangerous places for local politicians.Journalists face extreme risks, with seven killed in 2024 alone, according to UNESCO, particularly those covering corruption, drug trafficking, or organized crime. Impunity is rampant, with 95% of journalist killings unresolved. AMLO’s anti-press rhetoric, including accusing journalists of undermining the government, has exacerbated this environment.Human rights defenders and environmental activists are also targeted, with at least nine defenders killed in 2023. The case of Indigenous defender Kenia Hernández Montalbán, sentenced to 21 years on questionable charges, highlights the criminalization of activism.Enforced Disappearances and Human Rights Abuses:Mexico faces a crisis of enforced disappearances, with 113,188 victims recorded from 1964 to August 2023. The government’s “census” of disappeared persons has been criticized for downplaying the crisis, and relatives searching for the missing, especially women, face serious risks, with at least one killed and another disappeared in 2023.Torture by police and military during arrests and detentions is widespread, with 64% of surveyed prisoners reporting physical violence in 2016. Despite a 2017 law banning torture-based confessions, impunity persists, and military accountability is minimal.Migrants and asylum seekers face extortion, kidnapping, and violence by criminal groups and, in some cases, police and immigration officials. LGBTI migrants are particularly vulnerable, with two-thirds reporting sexual violence in Mexico.Corruption and Lack of Transparency:Official corruption remains a serious problem, fueled by illegal drug money and public-contract fraud. Despite an anticorruption framework, implementation is weak, and impunity is high.AMLO’s 2021 decree shielding infrastructure projects like the Mayan Train from transparency requirements has limited oversight, particularly of military-led projects, raising concerns about institutional politicization.Proposals to dissolve the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI) threaten the right to information and democratic accountability.Militarization of Civilian Functions:The military’s expanding role in civilian tasks, including managing the National Guard, customs, and infrastructure projects like the Mayan Train, undermines civilian authority and accountability. A 2022 law transferring the National Guard to military control was challenged for violating the constitution’s civilian oversight mandate.The military’s involvement in public security has led to human rights abuses, including 47 civilian deaths or injuries under AMLO’s presidency, with minimal accountability.Discrimination and Marginalization:Indigenous communities face significant discrimination, with 65% reporting their rights are respected “little or not at all.” Indigenous women are particularly vulnerable to violence and lack access to health care, education, and justice due to language barriers.Transgender women face extreme violence, with 59 femicides reported in 2023, making Mexico the second most dangerous country for transgender individuals after Brazil.Women’s participation in public office, while rising, remains low, with only 18% of Senate seats and 28% of Chamber of Deputies seats held by women.Attacks on Independent Institutions and Civil Society:AMLO’s administration has targeted independent institutions, including the INE and INAI, accusing them of being “neoliberal” or corrupt. His rhetoric against universities, NGOs, and critical media has fostered a polarized environment, limiting deliberative democracy.Funding cuts to civil society organizations and harassment of activists have reduced civic space. The Federal Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, while active, is underfunded and sluggish.