And how about after the student graduates and goes to work in a Western tech, engineering, or aerospace company? Does the Chinese government relinquish their leverage?
In many ways, the leverage actually increases once a graduate enters a high-value field like aerospace, AI, or defense engineering. At this stage, the student is no longer just a "voice" to be silenced; they are a source of valuable "intangible assets" that the state considers essential for its national development.
The Chinese government does not view citizenship as a relationship that ends at the border or upon graduation. Instead, they utilize several mechanisms to maintain influence:
1. The "Thousand Talents" and Recruitment Programs
The state actively tracks high-achieving STEM graduates. Programs like the Thousand Talents Plan (and its various successors) offer massive financial incentives—sometimes millions of dollars in grants—for professionals to return to China or to "serve from abroad."
• The Catch: These grants often come with expectations to share research, patents, or "proprietary insights" from their Western employers.
• The Lever: If a professional refuses, the government may remind them that their ability to ever visit family again, or their family’s ability to receive state benefits, is tied to their "patriotism."
2. Legal Compulsion (Article 7)
As mentioned before, the National Intelligence Law doesn't expire. If a Chinese national working at a Western tech firm is contacted by a Chinese intelligence officer, they are legally required to cooperate.
• Corporate Espionage: In many documented FBI cases (such as the recent conviction of Ji Wang in 2025 regarding fiber laser technology), the pressure to steal trade secrets began long after the individual had established a successful career in the U.S.
• The "Greater Good" Narrative: Officials often frame the theft not as "stealing," but as "reclaiming" technology for the motherland to help China overcome "Western suppression."
3. Financial and Family "Anchors"
The leverage remains strongest through the family. If a graduate in a sensitive field (like satellite engineering) becomes "uncooperative" or considers seeking political asylum:
• Property and Assets: The state can freeze family assets or seize property in China belonging to the graduate.
• Career Sabotage: If the graduate's parents are high-ranking officials or professors, their careers are held hostage to the graduate's "loyalty."
4. The "Professional Informant" Trap
Sometimes, the leverage is built slowly. A graduate might be asked for "perfectly legal" favors first:
• "Can you just give a guest lecture at this university in China?"
• "Could you introduce this 'businessman' to your manager?"
• Once an individual has crossed a small ethical line or accepted a small payment, the state has kompromat (compromising material) they can use to blackmail the individual into more serious espionage later.
How Western Companies Respond
Because of this "permanent leverage," Western aerospace and defense companies have become extremely cautious:
• Export Controls (ITAR/EAR): Many roles in the U.S. are legally restricted to "U.S. Persons" (Citizens or Green Card holders) because the government recognizes that foreign nationals from "adversary" nations are uniquely vulnerable to state-sponsored coercion.
• Internal Monitoring: Companies now frequently monitor for "unusual data exfiltration" (downloading large amounts of code or blueprints) especially around the time a Chinese employee plans to visit home.