I'll weigh in on the Connecticut controversy. I'm going to approach this as objectively as possible. I'm a barred attorney and took an entire class in law school on the first amendment taught by a professor who clerked for O'Connor. Also, first amendment law is something of a interest of mine.
First, that Connecticut statute is almost certainly unconstitutional. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53-37 states "Any person who, by his advertisement, ridicules or holds up to contempt any person or class of persons, on account of the creed, religion, color, denomination, nationality or race of such person or class of persons, shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor."
That statute is unconstitutional on its face. First, this is a content based restriction. The content of the speech being ridicule on the basis of certain classes is being regulated. If I stand in the same location and say vanilla ice cream is better than chocolate, I've not violated the statute. So this is a content based regulation.
Content based regulations of speech are subject to strict scrutiny. This means they are presumptively invalid. In order for the statute to be upheld, the State would need to show that this statute was narrowly tailored to address a compelling governmental interest. It's an extremely difficult burden. The State could argue the law is there to protect certain protected classes from harassment and intimidation. The problem is a statute could be written to only apply to cases of harassment and intimidation (and actually have been written as there are CT statutes addressing those as well). Since this is not narrowly tailored to address a compelling governmental interest, it is unconstitutional.
I suspect the prosecutor will drop the charges but even then you might end up with the ACLU suing on this statute.
For those on this board defending this statute and its use, I offer this fact pattern. Suppose you're on the campus of the University of Connecticut and the campus Catholic group is having a Cardinal come give a speech. You decide to protest due to your anger over the Catholic Church abuse scandal. So you create a sign that says "Catholics like little boys" and protest. You've just violated that statute.
As for whether this instance amounted to harassment, that's a fact specific analysis. I've not looked too much into it but my understanding is that it was these idiots talking to each other in an empty parking lot. If that's true, it's not harassment. There would need to be other facts we don't know about. There are certain requirements for speech to rise to the level of harassment. Simply saying something that is deeply insulting to someone else is not harassment.
Next, the University itself would also be severely limited in the actions it could take against these students. The school is under the same restrictions against content based regulations of speech. They can put reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions on speech. So a student shouting racial slurs in class could be punished by the school. A student using the same racial slurs in the campus quad could not.
Ultimately, without additional facts, what these idiots did is probably protected by the first amendment and that statute is definitely invalid.