I'm a firm advocate of free speech. I think using any kind of power to silence any viewpoint is a dangerous business to start. I've never encountered anything so awful, dangerous, and evil that it can't be talked about.
When I try to argue with people that free speech is important, the argument I often hear back justifying people taking action to shut down someone they disagree with is "The first amendment only protects you from the government. It doesn't protect you from other people." This is a legally true statement. You have every right to protest and demand someone's business be destroyed or their employer fire them. However, I find that abhorrent to the philosophical reasons supporting freedom of speech.
A marketplace of ideas only works if people are not afraid of retribution for stating their belief. And I don't think where the retribution comes from should make a difference. In the past, the government has been the one shutting down free speech. It often still does. But more and more we're seeing people banding together and using new media to try to exert power or pressure institutions with power to use that power to silence speech.
Suppose you have a scientist who wants to publish a paper detailing how the dumping of certain chemicals contaminates water supplies and causes cancer. Now suppose there's a company that dumps a lot of these chemicals that's also a big donor to the private university that employs that scientist. The company tells the university they wont donate any more money if any faculty members publish any papers about those chemicals. The university then tells the scientist that if he publishes that paper, he'll be fired or never get tenure.
In this case you've had a private actor (the company) pressuring another private actor (the university) to silence the scientist and so hold back what could have been beneficial information to society. This is the danger of silencing speech whether it's a government silencing it or a private actor.
I think this is a very fair point, and I often feel very uneasy when, for instance, a person who says something controversial online is harassed or their employer notified over something they said.
However, I really struggle to apply that to some of the things Conservatives are arguing, such as access to Twitter or advertisements for television programs. While social media has become a staple of life today, it’s still a “free” service being provided and moderated by a business. Whether they’re enforcing their rules fairly or not, it’s still their call to say what is to be allowed on their platform. The fact that so many proponents of limited government are calling for government intervention astounds me, as this is essentially calling for regulation of how a private company handles their business. To argue this is basically throwing out their own arguments against regulations for emissions or other environmental concerns, which has been a bedrock of their view of government in this country for years.
As someone who has argued in favor of regulations, I can see the idea of the public good outweighing the rights of a private business, but I think it’s a open question whether or not access to a free service by a company is a right that should be fought for or not. Likewise, I think it’s very hard to argue that if someone says something controversial that a company should have to pay that person’s employer millions of dollars in advertising revenue. I know it’s a cliche at this point, but here’s been this rush to equate freedom of speech with the right to consequence-free speech. It can, and probably should be the case that if you do or say something awful that there be a social consequence to that behavior. If Tucker Carlson says we need to protect the values of white, Christian families from foreign invaders (an oversimplification, I know) then it’s not wrong to ask a company if they really want to give Fox their money to endorse that. If Donald Trump is told by Twitter not to do something, then does that thing, he shouldn’t be allowed to use Twitter.
There has certainly been some developments over the last few years that have been concerning, both from the standpoint of actual attacks on free speech as outlined in the constitution and in an overreaction in the public to controversial opinions. It’s not good for the public discourse if all opposing views are silenced and an Internet mob ruins someone’s life over benign statements or actions. I just think that many of the claims being made are taking these concerns too far by applying them to decisions that are justified.