Some of the president’s top aides saw an opening.
Throughout April, President Donald Trump’s sky-high tariffs on imports from China had rippled through the U.S. and global economies. But the president was reluctant to move too quickly to lower the penalties on Beijing, believing that the United States needed to stomach some short-term economic pain to achieve a major rebalancing in trade and that China had more to lose in the standoff.
By the end of the month, though, a growing number of blue-collar workers whom Trump saw as part of his political base — including longshoremen and truckers — began warning that tariffs and a near-total cessation of trade with China were hurting them. Behind the scenes, White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and other aides told Trump that his own voters were in danger if the tariffs did not come down, according to two people familiar with the matter, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe private discussions. That gave them a path to initiating negotiations with the Chinese, which
culminated this past weekend in Geneva with a partial deal to reduce tariffs between the world’s two biggest economies. One White House official cautioned, however, that multiple factors contributed to the trade talks in Switzerland.
“The key argument was that this was beginning to hurt Trump’s supporters — Trump’s people,” one person briefed on the talks said. “It gave Susie a key window.”
The concessions of the past two weeks may obscure just how much Trump has altered U.S. economic relations with other countries.
Even after easing economic hostilities with China, Trump has raised the average U.S. tariff rate from 2.5 percent to 18 percent — the highest level since the Smoot-Hawley tariff rate of the 1930s that most economists think exacerbated the Great Depression, according to the Budget Lab at Yale University. Trump has long maintained that these higher tariffs will provide an incentive for companies to onshore and help pay for the GOP tax bill.
But some critics say these policies are unlikely to achieve that result. A high tariff rate could in theory provide an incentive for manufacturers to move production to the U.S., but the administration’s constant reversals of policy gives businesses little confidence that they won’t be undercut later. That undermines the goal of encouraging companies to invest heavily in new U.S. facilities.
“It’s been completely insane,” said Michael Strain, an economist at the American Enterprise Institute, a center-right think tank, of Trump’s tariff policies. “When I step back from the euphoria over easing tariffs with China, what I see is the tariff rate is five times as high as when Trump took office. And we seem to have gotten nothing out of it at all.”