The issue with raising taxes is you are raising the price of something, somewhere. Direct or indirect. If you raise income taxes, then the cost of labor goes up, more labor goes underground/overseas, etc. Raise it on the poor, then the cost of American goods increases and struggle even more to compete with foreign imports. Raise taxes on the wealthy, then we see less investment in the US. Raise taxes on corporations, companies migrate their IP to foreign jurisdictions like the UK, Singapore, Ireland, and the Caymans so they can "legally" allocate profits out of the US.
France, for example, was forced to repeal their 75% "super tax" on millionaires because thousands of wealthy Frenchmen were leaving the country. Money always goes to where it's best treated.
Now, you can say that median income will shift and nominal prices of goods will probably drop, which is true. But the economy is going to produce less of something. That's the trade off.
Yes but if you're wealthy in France you're restricted comparably the size of Texas to move to. Unless you move to Switzerland or Monaco.
If you're wealthy in the US, you have tons of options around the country to live. Live in the South during the winter, anywhere north in the summer. I don't see any reason someone like Romney, Trump, Buffet, Cuban would renounce their citizenship unless their tax rate went up to 80-90% and even then, where else would you want to live when you're so used to the United States culturally. I think it's a bigger culture shock for a long time wealthy American entrepreneur to move everything to another country, than someone from France having to assimilate here.
Speaking anecdotally, I know someone personally whose father sold his company big in France and moved to New York and now runs an investment startup in NYC. I asked him about the French Tax thing on super rich and he told me from his father's perspective it was moreso the chance to live in New York and the USA rather than paying higher taxes in France. They wanted to live in America after visiting many times on business and now they are.
I don't buy the idea that you lose investment, you only lose investment from the same players. It would encourage those trying to move up to take risks and invest instead of the same players at the top controlling everything. Also, I think it would also prevent more companies from merging or buying out other companies which further cuts more jobs. For every merger between two Fortune 500 companies, you're gonna lose thousands of jobs to replace while the surviving will take on 50% of a workload at roughly the same pay.
I also don't buy that the economy will produce less, simply because in the next 15-20 years robots and automation will have replaced a lot more jobs which will lead us into another crisis. I give credit to Obama for at least trying to lead us in that direction. Nobody will admit that automation is going to further cut jobs, but it's a reality we're going to see soon. I mean in our lifetime we'll see automated Uber/Taxis. Forget automated manufacturing because that's almost here.
And for the record I wouldn't be in favor of anything over 50% tax even for the wealthy. 45% I'm reluctant to go to. 50% is where I draw the line. So no I wouldn't want to go back to post-depression 80-90% tax brackets.