The deer rifle has a caliber cartridge it will fire. That’s what to call it offhand.
No -at that range you’d want stopping power. The .45 acp is generally considered the king. At that range and with a live animal you may only get one shot in the vitals. The type of bullet matters just as much too though
Most people up the caliber bullet by the size game they are after. Elk, caribou, sheep, African game (Buffalo needing a considerable upsize) all need a larger caliber bullet for a clean kill. You may only get one shot, so it matters very much over quantity.
For that wolf - A shotgun with buckshot would be the preference over everything there because of the wider pattern AND stopping power