Can someone explain to me the illegal formation penalty where the receiver covers up the tight end or tackle? I know there can't be more than four players in the backfield.
Also why isn't this ruled dead since its a pre-snap penalty like a false start or something like that.
It's not a penalty to cover up a tight end. What is a penalty is for that covered up tight end to then go out into coverage. I'll try to explain all of the LOS rules 7 men must be on the line of scrimmage. If you don't have 7 men on the line at the snap of the ball it's a foul. I can't remember if that's enforced similar to a false start or not though as it almost never happens. Illegal formation as you're asking about where a receiver covers up a tightend isn't a deadball foul. Because covering up a tightend isn't illegal as I mentioned above. If that covered player then goes and breaks the rules of an ineligible receiver is where you run into an illegal formation type of penalty. Such as going past 3 yards (or 5 I forget) of the LOS before a pass, making a play on a forward pass etc.
You can stick 10 men on the line have someone who's covered catch a lateral or back pass and it's all legal. The basic rules have to be covered that's all.
One of my favorite plays I'd love to see someone in the NFL run some day if you have a great long snapper and a great QB is someone run some really fun and creative lineups.
For example,
TEOTOGOGOT C WR
HB FB WR
QB
Downside to that formation, is that you need a really smart QB who can break a defense down on the spot and offensive players who can execute, but upon seeing a lineup like that, how would the defense react? My guess is they'll burn a timeout to adjust. There's basically 3 key advantages to this lineup first key advantage is if they decide to rush several at the QB then you have an isolation situation with 6 blockers covering your HB and not that many guys rushing him. Within 1 yard of LOS there can be no pick plays so if you don't stick DL over the OL it's murderfest. If the match your overshift and you leave no one over the center, then you create one of 2 potential plays. If you have a runner he now has a lane, you also now have a great screen to the WR behind the ball. as he can get a block from the WR on the line and the center can then come across to his right to seal that side up. Now if you have time to think about it, it's pretty easy to stop this play.
Lineup all DL and LBs over on the left. Unless the TE is Vernon Davis or Jimmy Graham you don't have much to worry about in that tight of a space. The DTs and your best run blocking DE clog up the OL you have one LB over the TE one LB behind the DL and one DE and LB coming off the edge, their job is to get around the OL (who should be covered by a DT to give pause) and get to the backs. The LB's job is to play safety. Then on the other side you do this
Safety
Safety CB CB
C WR
Wr
The safety on the line is gonna bum rush the QB. The center even if he's the best snapper in the world won't be able to long snap and block the safety. The corner over the WR is actually covering the outside the corner on the inside is covering the inside. So if the WR on the line runs an inside slant or post he's the responsibility of the inside corner, if he runs an outside move he's the responsibility of the heads up corner. Safety is over top of all of the play but his attention will be put primarily on the WRs. the safety coming at the QB means the QB has about a second to make a decision or he'll have someone on top of him in no time.
Still could make a play happen in that formation if you're the offense. If you have a QB who's mobile enough to slip the safety, then you have a great opportunity if you have a great recceiving HB or TE. As after his first slip it's iso blocking of a center on a safety which isn't really fair for the safety. So the QB will then have some time. Since there's only 3 coverage players on the left side, you now are basically forcing LBs into single coverage with no safety help to handle the RB and TE. Now with proper coaching and the right guys you can cover for that, but it's still not easy.
Long story short, I wish people in the NFL were more creative. When's the last time we've seen a fair catch kick? Imagine if you will you've got a stud kicker, someone runs a pooch onsides kick they you fair catch at the 50. Now you have a chance to kick the ball without any pressure from the defense to seal a win? Only recorded instances I can find of it happening any time but at the end of the first half (where you have nothing to lose) are 4 times. The first attempt and 2 times with the game on the line in the 4th, last attempt was also in the 4th in 79.